Regulation on the function of the hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is one of the proposed therapeutic approaches to liver fibrosis. In the present study, we examined the in vitro and in vivo effects of CPU-II2, a novel synthetic oleanolic acid (OLA) derivative with nitrate, on hepatic fibrosis. This compound alleviated CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice with a decrease in hepatic hydroxyproline (Hyp) content and histological changes. CPU-II2 also attenuated the mRNA expression of a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase type 1 (TIMP-1) induced by CCl4 in mice and reduced both mRNA and protein levels of a-SMA in HSC-T6 cells. Interestingly, CPU-II2 did not affect the survival of HSC-T6 cells but decreased the expression of procollagen-a1 (I) in HSC-T6 cells through down-regulating the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Conclusion: CPU-II2 attenuates the development of liver fibrosis rather by regulating the function of HSCs through p38 MAPK pathway than by damaging the stellate cells.